Gingivitis is the earliest stage of gum disease and causes mild to moderate inflammation of the gums. It is typically caused by the build-up of plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that forms on the teeth that isn’t removed on a regular basis.
Fortunately, gingivitis is reversible with good oral hygiene (including daily brushing and flossing.) But if it’s left untreated, gingivitis can progress to a more severe form of gum infection called periodontal disease.
Periodontal disease is frequently referred to as “gum disease.” But unlike gingivitis, it is not reversible. In addition to inflammation of the gums, periodontitis is an infection of the tissues and bones that support the teeth. It occurs when the bacteria in plaque builds up and spreads below the gum line, leading to inflammation and destruction of the supporting tissues and adjacent bone structures. It extends much further than just the surface-level gum tissue. Moderate to advanced stages of gum disease, or periodontal disease, will can cause the gums to pull away from the teeth, creating pockets that accumulate additional bacterial colonies. If left untreated, the infection can spread to neighboring teeth and will ultimately lead to tooth loss.
The main difference between gingivitis and gum or periodontal disease is the severity of the condition. Gingivitis is a mild form of gum infection that can often be reversed with proper oral hygiene, such as brushing and flossing regularly and visiting the dentist for regular cleanings. Periodontal disease is a more severe form of gum disease that requires professional treatment to manage and prevent further damage. It is important to visit a dentist regularly to detect and treat gum disease in its early stages before it progresses to periodontal disease.